Parasiticides

Parasiticides

In this area you will find a range of resources related to the appropriate use of parasiticides including industry guides and protocols as well as links to research and academic paper resources.

Industry parasiticide resources | policies | guides | campaigns | news

Research/Academic papers

Area
Specific
Area Specific Evidence (and confidence) and gaps
1. Sourcing and disposing
Availability – Range, legal category, broad/narrow spectrum, cross over of activity
Product Information Database – Currently authorised products
Sales – Volumes and sources Vets/SQP/retail
Usage – How much is used/unused/disposed of
To flea or not to flea: survey of UK companion animal ectoparasiticide usage and activities affecting pathways to the environment [PeerJ]
2. Animal
Efficacy – prevalence of inefficacy
Fleas infesting cats and dogs in Great Britain: spatial distribution of infestation risk and its relation to treatment – University of Bristol – ARC_paper_Final_text_revision_very_final_1_.pdf
Efficacy – reason for inefficacy
Side effects – frequency and severity
3. Resistance
Product/parasite
Insecticide/acaricide resistance in fleas and ticks infesting dogs and cats | Parasites & Vectors | Full Text
Actual vs potential
4. Human
Zoonoses – Pathogens – distribution and severity
Impact of resistance
Toxic effects
Pet Flea and Tick Control Exposure During Pregnancy and Early Life Associated with Decreased Cognitive and Adaptive Behaviors in Children with Developmental Delay and Autism Spectrum Disorder
5. Environmental
Presence
Potential role of veterinary flea products in widespread pesticide contamination of English rivers – ScienceDirect (Perkins et al., 2021)

Down-the-drain pathways for fipronil and imidacloprid applied as spot-on parasiticides to dogs: Estimating aquatic pollution – ScienceDirect (Perkins et al., 2024)

Dog swimming and ectoparasiticide water contamination in urban conservation areas: A case study on Hampstead Heath, London – ScienceDirect (Yoder et al., 2024)

High prevalence of veterinary drugs in bird’s nests – ScienceDirect

Response: NOAH Statement Regarding The “High prevalence of veterinary drugs in bird’s nests” Research Paper | NOAH (National Office of Animal Health)

Pet dogs transfer veterinary medicines to the environment – ScienceDirect (Diepens et al., 2023)

A One-Health environmental risk assessment of contaminants of emerging concern in London’s waterways throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic – ScienceDirect Egli, M., Helena Rapp Wright, Oloyede, O., Francis, W., Rhys Preston-Allen, Friedman, S., Woodward, G., Piel, F.B. and Barron, L. (2023)

Fipronil washoff to municipal wastewater from dogs treated with spot-on products – ScienceDirect Teerlink, J., Hernandez, J. and Budd, R. (2017).
Persistence
Impact
Reflection paper on the environmental risk assessment of ectoparasiticidal veterinary medicinal products used in cats and dogs European Medicines Agency (2023).

A rapid evidence assessment of the potential risk to the environment presented by active ingredients in the UK’s most commonly sold companion animal parasiticides | Environmental Science and Pollution Research (Wells and Collins, 2022)

Common insecticide disrupts aquatic communities: A mesocosm-to-field ecological risk assessment of fipronil and its degradates in U.S. streams | Science Advances (Miller, J.L et al 2020)

Toxicity of the Insecticide Fipronil and Its Degradates to Benthic Macroinvertebrates of Urban Streams | Environmental Science & Technology Weston, D.P. and Lydy, M.J. (2013).

Neurotoxicity and mode of action of fluralaner on honeybee Apis mellifera L. – Sheng – 2019 – Pest Management Science – Wiley Online Library Sheng, C., Huang, Q., Liu, G., Ren, X., Jiang, J., Jia, Z., Han, Z. and Zhao, C. (2019).

High Tolerance and Delayed Responses of Daphnia magna to Neonicotinoid Insecticide Imidacloprid: Toxicokinetic and Toxicodynamic Modeling | Environmental Science & Technology Li, H., Zhang, Q., Su, H., You, J. and Wang, W.-X. (2020).

Bee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers | Science Goulson, D., Nicholls, E., Botias, C. and Rotheray, E.L. (2015).

Ecological effects of imidacloprid on a tropical freshwater ecosystem and subsequent recovery dynamics – ScienceDirect Merga, L.B. and Van den Brink, P.J. (2021).

Hazard identification of imidacloprid to aquatic environment – ScienceDirect Tišler, T., Jemec, A., Mozetič, B. and Trebše, P. (2009). Hazard identification of imidacloprid to aquatic environment. Chemosphere, 76(7), pp.907–914.
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